Linux 레이드 1 구성 - raid 1 for Ubuntu 16.04
Linux 소프트 레이드 1 구성 - soft raid 1 for Ubuntu 16.04
먼저 fdisk 명령어로 하드 디스크를 확인한다.
First, Check hdd devices list using fdisk command
확인 결과 250G /dev/sda 와 /dev/sdb 이렇게 두개의 하드 디스크를 확인 할 수 있다. 그리고 이 디스크를 이용하여 레이드를 구성 할 것이다.
I'm gonna make RAID 1 that I found two hdd disk /dev/sda and /dev/sdb.
/dev/sda 와 /dev/sdb의 파티션을 설정 한다.
Set up the partitions on /dev/sda and /dev/sdb
그러나 이미 하드디스크에는 파티션이 잡혀 있으므로 삭제 해준다.
But i can't make partition because it already has partitions. so i need to erase partitions using 'd' command
그리고 /dev/sdb 하드 디스크도 동일 하게 작업 해 준다.
And do it again same things on /dev/sdb
그리고 fdisk 를 이용하여 설정한 파티션이 정상적으로 되었는지 확인한다.
you can find partitions info /dev/sda, /dev/sdb
mdadm을 이용해 레이드를 구성한뒤 ext4로 포멧한다.
Make a Raid 1 /dev/md device using mdadm, and format the /dev/md device to ext4.
//i named it md1
마운트할 디렉터리를 만들고 /dev/md 를 마운트 한다.
Make a directory and mount with /dev/md
마지막으로 UUID 를 확인하여 재부팅이 되어도 마운트 될 수 있도록 fstab에 등록한다.
Last, check the UUID and register on the fstab, so that even if you reboot the system , it can be mounted
md1 이 잘 마운트 됐는지 확인한다.
먼저 fdisk 명령어로 하드 디스크를 확인한다.
First, Check hdd devices list using fdisk command
nawan@sptechlab:~$ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 232.9 GiB, 250059350016 bytes, 488397168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x19ddd262
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 2048 31250431 31248384 14.9G 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda2 * 31250432 488396799 457146368 218G 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 232.9 GiB, 250059350016 bytes, 488397168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xfb19af56
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 * 63 204796619 204796557 97.7G 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sdb2 204796620 488392064 283595445 135.2G 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
Disk /dev/sda: 232.9 GiB, 250059350016 bytes, 488397168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x19ddd262
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 2048 31250431 31248384 14.9G 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda2 * 31250432 488396799 457146368 218G 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 232.9 GiB, 250059350016 bytes, 488397168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xfb19af56
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 * 63 204796619 204796557 97.7G 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sdb2 204796620 488392064 283595445 135.2G 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
확인 결과 250G /dev/sda 와 /dev/sdb 이렇게 두개의 하드 디스크를 확인 할 수 있다. 그리고 이 디스크를 이용하여 레이드를 구성 할 것이다.
I'm gonna make RAID 1 that I found two hdd disk /dev/sda and /dev/sdb.
/dev/sda 와 /dev/sdb의 파티션을 설정 한다.
Set up the partitions on /dev/sda and /dev/sdb
nawan@sptechlab:~$ sudo fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.27.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
To create more partitions, first replace a primary with an extended partition.
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.27.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
To create more partitions, first replace a primary with an extended partition.
그러나 이미 하드디스크에는 파티션이 잡혀 있으므로 삭제 해준다.
But i can't make partition because it already has partitions. so i need to erase partitions using 'd' command
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 1
Partition 1 has been deleted.
Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 2
Partition 2 has been deleted.
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 1
Partition 1 has been deleted.
Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 2
Partition 2 has been deleted.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): ENTER
Partition number (1-4, default 1): ENTER
First sector (2048-488397167, default 2048): ENTER
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-488397167, default 488397167): ENTER
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 232.9 GiB.
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Partition type (type L to list all types): l //뭐가 있는지 궁금해서 L리스트로 확인 하였다.
//I just check list all types
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 27 Hidden NTFS Win 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 hidden or c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 42 SFS 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad hi ea Rufus alignment
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a5 FreeBSD eb BeOS fs
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ee GPT
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f1 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin boot f4 SpeedStor
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS / HFS+ f2 DOS secondary
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fb VMware VMFS
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fc VMware VMKCORE
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fd Linux raid auto
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bc Acronis FAT32 L fe LANstep
1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT
Partition type (type L to list all types): fd
Changed type of partition 'FAT12' to 'Linux raid autodetect'.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): ENTER
Partition number (1-4, default 1): ENTER
First sector (2048-488397167, default 2048): ENTER
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-488397167, default 488397167): ENTER
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 232.9 GiB.
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Partition type (type L to list all types): l //뭐가 있는지 궁금해서 L리스트로 확인 하였다.
//I just check list all types
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 27 Hidden NTFS Win 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 hidden or c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 42 SFS 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad hi ea Rufus alignment
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a5 FreeBSD eb BeOS fs
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ee GPT
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f1 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin boot f4 SpeedStor
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS / HFS+ f2 DOS secondary
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fb VMware VMFS
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fc VMware VMKCORE
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fd Linux raid auto
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bc Acronis FAT32 L fe LANstep
1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT
Partition type (type L to list all types): fd
Changed type of partition 'FAT12' to 'Linux raid autodetect'.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
그리고 /dev/sdb 하드 디스크도 동일 하게 작업 해 준다.
And do it again same things on /dev/sdb
nawan@sptechlab:~$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.27.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 1
Partition 1 has been deleted.
Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 2
Partition 2 has been deleted.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): ENTER
Partition number (1-4, default 1): ENTER
First sector (2048-488397167, default 2048): ENTER
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-488397167, default 488397167): ENTER
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 232.9 GiB.
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Partition type (type L to list all types): fd
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux raid autodetect'.
Command (m for help): p // check a partition info
Disk /dev/sdb: 232.9 GiB, 250059350016 bytes, 488397168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xfb19af56
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 488397167 488395120 232.9G fd Linux raid autodetect
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.27.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 1
Partition 1 has been deleted.
Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 2
Partition 2 has been deleted.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): ENTER
Partition number (1-4, default 1): ENTER
First sector (2048-488397167, default 2048): ENTER
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-488397167, default 488397167): ENTER
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 232.9 GiB.
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Partition type (type L to list all types): fd
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux raid autodetect'.
Command (m for help): p // check a partition info
Disk /dev/sdb: 232.9 GiB, 250059350016 bytes, 488397168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xfb19af56
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 488397167 488395120 232.9G fd Linux raid autodetect
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
그리고 fdisk 를 이용하여 설정한 파티션이 정상적으로 되었는지 확인한다.
you can find partitions info /dev/sda, /dev/sdb
nawan@sptechlab:~$ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 232.9 GiB, 250059350016 bytes, 488397168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x19ddd262
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 2048 488397167 488395120 232.9G fd Linux raid autodetect
Disk /dev/sdb: 232.9 GiB, 250059350016 bytes, 488397168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xfb19af56
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 488397167 488395120 232.9G fd Linux raid autodetect
Disk /dev/sda: 232.9 GiB, 250059350016 bytes, 488397168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x19ddd262
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 2048 488397167 488395120 232.9G fd Linux raid autodetect
Disk /dev/sdb: 232.9 GiB, 250059350016 bytes, 488397168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xfb19af56
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 488397167 488395120 232.9G fd Linux raid autodetect
mdadm을 이용해 레이드를 구성한뒤 ext4로 포멧한다.
Make a Raid 1 /dev/md device using mdadm, and format the /dev/md device to ext4.
//i named it md1
nawan@sptechlab:~$ sudo mdadm --create /dev/md1 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1
mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and
may not be suitable as a boot device. If you plan to
store '/boot' on this device please ensure that
your boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use
--metadata=0.90
Continue creating array? y
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md1 started.
nawan@sptechlab:~$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/md1
mke2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015)
Creating filesystem with 61016608 4k blocks and 15261696 inodes
Filesystem UUID: a10cae37-0ed4-449e-9447-82e9c084dba9
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and
may not be suitable as a boot device. If you plan to
store '/boot' on this device please ensure that
your boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use
--metadata=0.90
Continue creating array? y
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md1 started.
nawan@sptechlab:~$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/md1
mke2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015)
Creating filesystem with 61016608 4k blocks and 15261696 inodes
Filesystem UUID: a10cae37-0ed4-449e-9447-82e9c084dba9
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
마운트할 디렉터리를 만들고 /dev/md 를 마운트 한다.
Make a directory and mount with /dev/md
nawan@sptechlab:/$ sudo mkdir /raid1
nawan@sptechlab:/$ sudo mount /dev/md1 /raid1
nawan@sptechlab:/$ sudo mount /dev/md1 /raid1
마지막으로 UUID 를 확인하여 재부팅이 되어도 마운트 될 수 있도록 fstab에 등록한다.
Last, check the UUID and register on the fstab, so that even if you reboot the system , it can be mounted
nawan@sptechlab:/$ lsblk -o NAME,UUID
NAME UUID
sda
└─sda1 ceebf8da-d7a3-7997-b9bf-46f38d648b30
└─md1 a10cae37-0ed4-449e-9447-82e9c084dba9
sdb
└─sdb1 ceebf8da-d7a3-7997-b9bf-46f38d648b30
└─md1 a10cae37-0ed4-449e-9447-82e9c084dba9
nawan@sptechlab:/$ vim /etc/fstab
# raid 1 /dev/md1 //add this lines on /etc/fstab
UUID=a10cae37-0ed4-449e-9447-82e9c084dba9 /raid1 ext4 defaults 0 0
NAME UUID
sda
└─sda1 ceebf8da-d7a3-7997-b9bf-46f38d648b30
└─md1 a10cae37-0ed4-449e-9447-82e9c084dba9
sdb
└─sdb1 ceebf8da-d7a3-7997-b9bf-46f38d648b30
└─md1 a10cae37-0ed4-449e-9447-82e9c084dba9
nawan@sptechlab:/$ vim /etc/fstab
# raid 1 /dev/md1 //add this lines on /etc/fstab
UUID=a10cae37-0ed4-449e-9447-82e9c084dba9 /raid1 ext4 defaults 0 0
md1 이 잘 마운트 됐는지 확인한다.
nawan@sptechlab:/$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/md1 229G 60M 218G 1% /raid1
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/md1 229G 60M 218G 1% /raid1
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